His “ganzfields” (a term used to describe a uniform field of light with no point of focus or depth), as seen in The Light Inside at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston (1999), fill interior spaces with a luminous coloured haze and seemingly palpable planes of light. For his more than 80 “skyspaces” in public and private venues worldwide, such as One Accord at the Live Oak Friends Meeting House, Houston (2000), and Twilight Epiphany at the Suzanne Deal Booth Centennial Pavilion, Rice University, Houston (2012), Turrell built environments with strategic apertures and hidden LED displays calculated to “bring the cosmos down” into the viewers’ space. Regarded as one of the founders of the mid-1960s California Light and Space Movement, Turrell invented signature forms that intensified the experience of sight and perception. The Pasadena Art Museum hosted his first solo show in 1967, and in 1968 the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) invited Turrell and his colleague Robert Irwin to participate in the innovative exhibition “Art and Technology.” For the groundbreaking work Afrum-Proto (1966), Turrell projected high-intensity tungsten light into a shadowed corner, creating the illusion of a floating cube, and in the series Mendota Stoppages (1969–74), he cut the walls of the derelict Mendota Hotel, Ocean Park, California, to stream calibrated shafts of light into dark rooms. After completing a degree (1965) in perceptual psychology from Pomona College, Turrell studied art at the University of California, Irvine, and Claremont Graduate School (M.A., 1973). His mother’s Quaker beliefs provided a simple decree-that each person can experience an inner light. James Turrell, (born May 6, 1943, Los Angeles, California, U.S.), American artist known for work that explored the relationship of light and space.Īs a child, Turrell developed an interest in cosmological phenomena, owing, in part, to flights he took with his father, an aeronautical engineer Turrell earned his own pilot’s license at the age of 16. SpaceNext50 Britannica presents SpaceNext50, From the race to the Moon to space stewardship, we explore a wide range of subjects that feed our curiosity about space!.Learn about the major environmental problems facing our planet and what can be done about them! Saving Earth Britannica Presents Earth’s To-Do List for the 21st Century.100 Women Britannica celebrates the centennial of the Nineteenth Amendment, highlighting suffragists and history-making politicians.COVID-19 Portal While this global health crisis continues to evolve, it can be useful to look to past pandemics to better understand how to respond today.Student Portal Britannica is the ultimate student resource for key school subjects like history, government, literature, and more.This Time in History In these videos, find out what happened this month (or any month!) in history.#WTFact Videos In #WTFact Britannica shares some of the most bizarre facts we can find.Demystified Videos In Demystified, Britannica has all the answers to your burning questions.Britannica Classics Check out these retro videos from Encyclopedia Britannica’s archives.Britannica Explains In these videos, Britannica explains a variety of topics and answers frequently asked questions.(He’s made Skyspaces for Quaker meetinghouses, and his installation at MoMA PS1 echoes a meetinghouse’s architecture. Eventually, Lauder invited him to create an artwork. Turrell is a practicing Quaker, a religious group that believes God guides them through an “inner light.” (“For me, light is nutrition, almost like food,” Turrell once said.) When he lived in New York, he worshiped at a meetinghouse near Friends Seminary and struck up a friendship with Robert Lauder, who heads the school. And one is coming to Friends Seminary, a private K–12 Quaker school in Gramercy, in 2023. Since designing his first Skyspace in 1974, Turrell has made nearly 90 more around the world, some built into the side of a mountain, others engineered to host musical performances. “With no object, no image and no focus, what are you looking at? You are looking at you looking.” It’s a perspective that guides his “Skyspaces,” rooms with open ceilings that treat the sky as an ephemeral canvas. “My work has no object, no image and no focus,” he describes. James Turrell’s artworks are invitations to see. Photo: Carlos Avila Gonzalez/San Francisco Chronicle via Getty Images
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